Caffeine is a white crystalline alkaloid found in nuts and plants. It was discovered and isolated by Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge in 1819. It is used as a pharmaceutical drug, because it stimulates the central nervous system. For example it stimulates cardiac muscles, increases alertness, and sometimes treats headaches. It acts as a stimulant, because it binds to the adenosine receptors of nerve cells which cause the cell to speed up. It also increases the levels of dopamine.
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